Home
Weather London
WeatherRadar
RainfallRadar
TemperatureRadar
WindRadar
LightningRadar
Weather News
Editor's Pick
Discover the app
Weather widget
Contact us
Apps
Career
    Home / Editor's Pick /

    Types of rainfall: Frontal, orographic and convective

15:00
28 March 2023

Types of rainfall
Frontal, orographic and convective

rain-shutterstock

Rain is generally classified into three main types, based on how it is generated. Do you know them?

After a quiet start to the week it's all change with spells of rain expected to frequent from the west. Rainfall can be classified into frontal, orographic and convective, and today, we are experiencing frontal rain.

Frontal

Frontal rain occurs when colder air meets warmer air in a weather front. The warm air is then forced to rise over the cooler air leading to clouds and rain.

This type of rainfall happens everywhere in the UK and Ireland and tends to bring overcast skies and persistent rainfall.

Orographic

Orographic rainfall is most commonly found in hilly regions, and also explains why places in the west tend to be wetter. As air reaches land - or mountains - it is forced to rise.

This leads to the formation of clouds and then rainfall on the mountain, but often leaves the leeside (downwind) dry. When that happens it is called the "rain shadow effect".

Convective

For convective rain, or showers, the sun needs to shine on the ground and heat a layer of air close to Earth's surface. When the air close to the surface gets warm enough - and warmer than the air above it - it begins to rise up into the atmosphere.

The higher the air rises, the colder the atmosphere gets. At a certain level, the warm air will begin to cool and as a result the water vapour in the air condenses, forms a cloud and then we see rain.

On hot days, the warm air is able to move higher and faster into the atmosphere which sometimes can lead to the production of thunderstorms, which becomes more common as we head through the spring and summer months.

It is also the trickiest type of rain to forecast because showers can be so spatially and temporally variable.

Weather & Radar editorial team
More on the topic
Super typhoon near the Philippines. Gusts of up to 155 mph. . . Tuesday, 23 June 2026
WindRadar showing Typhoon MEKKHALA east of Taiwan. A clearly visible eye, surrounded by areas of extremely high wind speeds.
Tuesday, 23 June 2026

Gusts of up to 155 mph

Super typhoon near the Philippines
How to sleep better in warmer weather. Tropical nights ahead. . . Tuesday, 23 June 2026
Person sitting on the floor indoors beside a running electric fan, cooling down in a sunlit room during hot weather, with sunlight streaming through a window.
Tuesday, 23 June 2026

Tropical nights ahead

How to sleep better in warmer weather
Unusually strong thunderstorms possible. Ireland & Scotland. . . Wednesday, 24 June 2026
Weather map of Ireland and the UK showing marked warning areas and a lightning warning symbol. Indication of an increased risk of severe weather on Thursday.
Wednesday, 24 June 2026

Ireland & Scotland

Unusually strong thunderstorms possible
All weather news
This might also interest you
Turbulent weather in the Canary Islands. Storm and rain. . . Friday, 12 December 2025
Weather graphic showing rain and wind fields over the Canary Islands and a central warning symbol.
Friday, 12 December 2025

Storm and rain

Turbulent weather in the Canary Islands
Mixed conditions on an unsettled week. Your weather - Your shots. . . Sunday, 2 November 2025
plit image showing a double rainbow over a rocky shoreline on the left and sheep grazing in a green field under stormy clouds on the right.
Sunday, 2 November 2025

Your weather - Your shots

Mixed conditions on an unsettled week
Bright and warm conditions take hold. Spring-like outlook. . . Thursday, 23 April 2026
Split UK map showing warm temperatures up to 21 degrees in orange on the left and clear sunny conditions with temperatures from 12 to 18 degrees on the right, with sun icons across the country.
Thursday, 23 April 2026

Spring-like outlook

Bright and warm conditions take hold
All articles
Weather & Radar

Weather & Radar is also available on

Google Play StoreApp Store

Company

Contact us Privacy Policy Legal info Accessibility statement

Services

Uploader

Socials

facebooktwittertikToklinkList